Many of us grew up with familiar hymns and carols in church, in schools, and in our communities. Nowadays, we have to be more “politically correct” – Christmas programs aren’t held in schools anymore; and communities sometimes get sued for putting up Christmas trees and manger scenes.
Some of the holiday music you hear in stores and malls this time of year is just plain awful. I thought it would be fun to tell you a little bit of history about some of the best known Christmas carols and hymns.
Deck the Hall with Boughs of Holly. The tradition of decorating with evergreens began far back in history. As they didn’t die in winter, evergreens were a mighty symbol of life. During the festival of Saturnalia (Dec 17 to 24 – sort of a mid-winter Mardi Gras) Roman houses were decorated with evergreen boughs. Celtic priests and Druids used every kind of greenery to ward off evil – holly, pine, bay, spruce, laurel, ivy, fir.
Many people couldn’t read reading, let alone read music, so festive songs needed to be simple and repetitive. If you couldn’t remember the verse, you could always join in the refrain with some simple nonsense words like “fa-la-la.” So “Deck the Hall” is a good example of the verse/refrain model. If you don’t know the verse, all you have to remember is one FA followed by 8 LAs.
What Child is This? Putting new words to familiar tunes is used often. In many instances, church hymns were created by taking folk songs, popular songs, even some bawdy songs & putting religious words to the tune. And that’s the case here: “What Child is This?” was set to the familiar tune, “Greensleeves,” an Elizabethan-era love song, probably a bit risqué in its day. “Greensleeves” was thought to be a reference to a promiscuous young woman. Some thought that Henry VIII composed this for his lover and future queen, Anne Boleyn, but that doesn’t appear to be true.
Silent Night. The story of how “Silent Night” or “Stille Nacht” was written is interesting, inspiring – and mostly not true. The story is that on Christmas Eve in 1818, the church organ broke down, and the curate and assistant organist quickly concocted a simple, folk-like hymn to be sung at midnight mass. I’ve even heard one story that a mouse nibbled a hole in the organ bellows – it’s a cute story, but it just isn’t true!
There was always a strong folk element at midnight mass in Austria and Germany. Franz Gruber wrote “Stille Nacht” in that tradition. Strange as it may seem, “Silent Night” and “Joy to the World” were considered vulgar in England and for years were omitted from most hymn and carol books. In the United States, Bing Crosby helped popularize “Silent Night” in the 1945 film “The Bells of St. Mary’s.”
“I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day” is a carol based on the poem “Christmas Bells,” composed by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow on Christmas Day 1863 in the midst of the Civil War. Longfellow wrote the poem after he had received news that his son had suffered wounds as a soldier in battle. Notice how the verses change from despair to hope – and ends with a strong message of peace.
The words to “Joy to the World,” first published in 1719, were written by English hymn writer Isaac Watts, based on Psalm 98. The music was adapted and arranged to Watts’ lyrics by American music educator Lowell Mason in 1839 from an older melody which was then believed to have originated from Handel’s Messiah. However, Handel did not compose the entire tune.
As of the late 20th century, “Joy to the World” was the most-published Christmas hymn in North America.
Warmest wishes for a Happy Holiday Season!